Update firmware build date format and enhance MQTT timestamp handling to always emit UTC with "+00:00" offset. Adjusted buffer sizes for timestamps in MQTTMessageBuilder and MQTTBridge to accommodate new format.

build.sh

@@ -124,8 +124,8 @@ build_firmware() {
   # get git commit sha
   COMMIT_HASH=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)
 
-  # set firmware build date
-  FIRMWARE_BUILD_DATE=$(date '+%d-%b-%Y')
+  # set firmware build date (e.g. "6 Jun 2026"; %-d drops the leading zero on GNU date / the Linux CI runner)
+  FIRMWARE_BUILD_DATE=$(date '+%-d %b %Y')
 
   # get FIRMWARE_VERSION, which should be provided by the environment
   if [ -z "$FIRMWARE_VERSION" ]; then
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ build_firmware() {
     exit 1
   fi
 
-  # set firmware version string
+  # set firmware version string (used for the output filename)
   # e.g: v1.0.0-abcdef
   FIRMWARE_VERSION_STRING="${FIRMWARE_VERSION}-${COMMIT_HASH}"
 
@@ -141,8 +141,18 @@ build_firmware() {
   # e.g: RAK_4631_Repeater-v1.0.0-SHA
   FIRMWARE_FILENAME="$1-${FIRMWARE_VERSION_STRING}"
 
+  # Tag the *embedded* version for observer builds, e.g. v1.0.0-observer-abcdef,
+  # so `ver`, the MQTT firmware_version/client_version, and SNMP all identify the
+  # fork. The filename above is intentionally left untagged: the env name already
+  # contains "observer", and the web flasher keys off that existing pattern.
+  VARIANT_TAG=""
+  case "$1" in
+    *observer*) VARIANT_TAG="-observer" ;;
+  esac
+  EMBEDDED_VERSION_STRING="${FIRMWARE_VERSION}${VARIANT_TAG}-${COMMIT_HASH}"
+
   # add firmware version info to end of existing platformio build flags in environment vars
-  export PLATFORMIO_BUILD_FLAGS="${PLATFORMIO_BUILD_FLAGS} -DFIRMWARE_BUILD_DATE='\"${FIRMWARE_BUILD_DATE}\"' -DFIRMWARE_VERSION='\"${FIRMWARE_VERSION_STRING}\"'"
+  export PLATFORMIO_BUILD_FLAGS="${PLATFORMIO_BUILD_FLAGS} -DFIRMWARE_BUILD_DATE='\"${FIRMWARE_BUILD_DATE}\"' -DFIRMWARE_VERSION='\"${EMBEDDED_VERSION_STRING}\"'"
 
   # disable debug flags if requested
   disable_debug_flags

src/helpers/MQTTMessageBuilder.cpp

@@ -7,12 +7,15 @@
 
 void MQTTMessageBuilder::formatIsoTimestampForMqtt(time_t now, Timezone* timezone, char* buffer, size_t buffer_size) {
   if (!buffer || buffer_size == 0) return;
-  time_t local_wall = timezone ? timezone->toLocal(now) : now;
-  struct tm* tm_info = localtime(&local_wall);
-  if (tm_info && strftime(buffer, buffer_size, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.000000", tm_info) > 0) {
+  // Always emit UTC with an explicit "+00:00" offset, matching Python's
+  // datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(). The system clock is UTC (SNTP offset 0),
+  // so gmtime() is correct regardless of the prefs Timezone (now unused here).
+  (void)timezone;
+  struct tm* tm_info = gmtime(&now);
+  if (tm_info && strftime(buffer, buffer_size, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.000000+00:00", tm_info) > 0) {
     return;
   }
-  strncpy(buffer, "2024-01-01T12:00:00.000000", buffer_size - 1);
+  strncpy(buffer, "2024-01-01T12:00:00.000000+00:00", buffer_size - 1);
   buffer[buffer_size - 1] = '\0';
 }
 
@@ -195,7 +198,7 @@ int MQTTMessageBuilder::buildPacketJSON(
   if (!packet) return 0;
   
   time_t now = time(nullptr);
-  char timestamp[32];
+  char timestamp[40];
   formatIsoTimestampForMqtt(now, timezone, timestamp, sizeof(timestamp));
   
   // Packet time/date: UTC (gmtime), same family as meshcoretomqtt serial fields
@@ -268,7 +271,7 @@ int MQTTMessageBuilder::buildPacketJSONFromRaw(
   if (!packet || !raw_data || raw_len <= 0) return 0;
   
   time_t now = time(nullptr);
-  char timestamp[32];
+  char timestamp[40];
   formatIsoTimestampForMqtt(now, timezone, timestamp, sizeof(timestamp));
   
   struct tm* utc_timeinfo = gmtime(&now);
@@ -334,7 +337,7 @@ int MQTTMessageBuilder::buildRawJSON(
   if (!packet) return 0;
   
   time_t now = time(nullptr);
-  char timestamp[32];
+  char timestamp[40];
   formatIsoTimestampForMqtt(now, timezone, timestamp, sizeof(timestamp));
   
   // Convert packet to hex

src/helpers/MQTTMessageBuilder.h

@@ -12,9 +12,11 @@
  * into JSON messages for MQTT publishing according to the MeshCore
  * packet capture specification.
  *
- * Timestamps in JSON use the configured Timezone (prefs) for status, packet, and
- * raw topics. Packet payloads also include separate `time` and `date` strings in
- * UTC (gmtime) so they stay aligned with meshcoretomqtt serial regex fields.
+ * Timestamps in the JSON `timestamp` field are emitted in UTC with an explicit
+ * "+00:00" offset (equivalent to Python datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat()) for
+ * status, packet, and raw topics. Packet payloads also include separate `time` and
+ * `date` strings in UTC (gmtime) so they stay aligned with meshcoretomqtt serial
+ * regex fields.
  */
 class MQTTMessageBuilder {
 private:
@@ -23,9 +25,10 @@ private:
 public:
   /**
    * Format the MQTT JSON `timestamp` field (same rule for status, packet, raw).
-   * Applies Timezone prefs via `timezone->toLocal(now)`; if timezone is nullptr,
-   * uses `now` unchanged. Output is naive local wall time, ISO-like
-   * "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.000000".
+   * Always UTC with an explicit "+00:00" offset, ISO-8601
+   * "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.000000+00:00" (matches Python
+   * datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat()). The `timezone` parameter is retained
+   * for API compatibility but ignored — the system clock is UTC.
    */
   static void formatIsoTimestampForMqtt(time_t now, Timezone* timezone, char* buffer, size_t buffer_size);
 

src/helpers/bridges/MQTTBridge.cpp

@@ -1706,11 +1706,11 @@ void MQTTBridge::publishStatusToSlot(int index) {
   #endif
 
   char origin_id[65];
-  char timestamp[32];
+  char timestamp[40];
   char radio_info[64];
 
-  // Status timestamp: same prefs-based wall clock as packet/raw JSON `timestamp`
-  // (not libc getLocalTime — SNTP uses UTC offset 0; prefs Timezone is separate).
+  // Status timestamp: UTC with explicit +00:00 offset, same as packet/raw JSON
+  // `timestamp` (system clock is UTC — SNTP offset 0; prefs Timezone is separate).
   MQTTMessageBuilder::formatIsoTimestampForMqtt(time(nullptr), _timezone, timestamp, sizeof(timestamp));
 
   snprintf(radio_info, sizeof(radio_info), "%.6f,%.1f,%d,%d",
@@ -2412,11 +2412,11 @@ bool MQTTBridge::publishStatus() {
   char* json_buffer = _status_json_buffer;
   #endif
   char origin_id[65];
-  char timestamp[32];
+  char timestamp[40];
   char radio_info[64];
 
-  // Status timestamp: same prefs-based wall clock as packet/raw JSON `timestamp`
-  // (not libc getLocalTime — SNTP uses UTC offset 0; prefs Timezone is separate).
+  // Status timestamp: UTC with explicit +00:00 offset, same as packet/raw JSON
+  // `timestamp` (system clock is UTC — SNTP offset 0; prefs Timezone is separate).
   MQTTMessageBuilder::formatIsoTimestampForMqtt(time(nullptr), _timezone, timestamp, sizeof(timestamp));
 
   snprintf(radio_info, sizeof(radio_info), "%.6f,%.1f,%d,%d",
@@ -3085,9 +3085,14 @@ void MQTTBridge::optimizeMqttClientConfig(PsychicMqttClient* client, bool needs_
   esp_mqtt_client_config_t* config = client->getMqttConfig();
   if (config) {
     #if defined(ESP_IDF_VERSION_MAJOR) && ESP_IDF_VERSION_MAJOR >= 5
-      if (config->buffer.out_size == 0 || config->buffer.out_size > MQTT_CLIENT_BUFFER_SIZE) {
-        config->buffer.out_size = MQTT_CLIENT_BUFFER_SIZE;
-      }
+      // Keep the output buffer (used to build the CONNECT/PUBLISH frames) in lockstep
+      // with the input buffer. setBufferSize() above only sets buffer.size, so out_size
+      // must be set here. The previous conditional only ever shrank out_size or set it
+      // from 0 — when a slot was reconfigured from a small non-JWT buffer (512) up to
+      // the JWT buffer (896), out_size stayed at 512 and the JWT CONNECT frame (username
+      // + ~537-768B token) overflowed it, producing esp-mqtt "Connect message cannot be
+      // created". Always matching MQTT_CLIENT_BUFFER_SIZE fixes the grow case.
+      config->buffer.out_size = MQTT_CLIENT_BUFFER_SIZE;
     #endif
   }
 }