diff --git a/.github/workflows/run-unit-tests.yml b/.github/workflows/run-unit-tests.yml
index 2e59841f4..768c3574e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/run-unit-tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/run-unit-tests.yml
@@ -573,6 +573,8 @@ jobs:
           python3 -B test/test_carrier_wave.py
           python3 -B test/test_morse_tx.py -v
           python3 -B test/test_morse_rx.py -v
+          python3 -B test/test_morse_rx_min_speed.py -v
+          python3 -B test/test_morse_raw_rssi.py -v
           python3 -B test/test_morse_rx_timing.py -v
           python3 -B test/test_morse_rx_gap_bias.py -v
           python3 -B test/test_morse_rx_human.py -v
diff --git a/docs/carrier_wave.md b/docs/carrier_wave.md
index fb1bd7f15..7054f43d5 100644
--- a/docs/carrier_wave.md
+++ b/docs/carrier_wave.md
@@ -83,6 +83,11 @@ power envelope into text. This is a separate manual session, not another
 MeshCore packet channel or an authenticated sender. Nothing decoded is
 automatically transmitted, relayed or inserted into a channel/DM inbox.
 
+Reception requires a saved timing hint of **15-60 WPM**. The default remains
+25 WPM. Slower speeds of 1-14 WPM remain available for transmission; listening
+rejects them with a receive-specific error instead of silently changing the
+saved setting. Set `morse.wpm` to at least 15 before listening.
+
 | Command | Action |
 | --- | --- |
 | `morse listen 1` | Listen for one minute at the saved `morse.freq`, using `morse.wpm` as the timing hint. |
@@ -101,6 +106,15 @@ radio at least one second after listening begins. Start with matching WPM on
 the sender and receiver. Noise, fading, interference and timing mismatch can
 produce errors; decoded text has no sender identity or integrity check.
 
+Automatic detection retains sustained noise peaks learned during the quiet
+interval, after initial receiver settling. It keeps that quiet envelope across
+marks and gaps rather than dropping the threshold back toward the average
+noise level. There is no fixed per-board RSSI cutoff. A stable quiet floor
+retains the six-dB acquisition margin; a noisier environment requires a signal
+above its learned excursions. The envelope relaxes gradually when conditions
+become quieter. Stop and start listening to run the initial learning interval
+again in a new environment.
+
 The receiver uses a continuous native FSK receive filter and live received
 signal strength (RSSI) to follow the carrier's on/off envelope. It does not
 transmit or require a packet preamble, sync word, CRC or direct-data pin:
diff --git a/docs/usb_logging_watchdog.md b/docs/usb_logging_watchdog.md
index 1d0cd1061..969109bf0 100644
--- a/docs/usb_logging_watchdog.md
+++ b/docs/usb_logging_watchdog.md
@@ -88,11 +88,19 @@ and the USB recovery grace periods. Tiers grow after reset authorization:
 stats outage cannot shorten a later physical fault's interval. Ten minutes
 of healthy monitored operation resets a raised tier to one hour.
 
-Native TX-completion events are the progress evidence. Queueing, purging,
+Native TX-completion events are progress evidence. On the pinned ESP32 HWCDC
+backend, an exclusive check of both the empty software queue and acknowledged
+hardware FIFO also completes a pending write: the SDK does not emit another
+TX event for the final FIFO acknowledgement. An empty software queue alone
+does not establish completion. Queueing, purging,
 reinitializing, or accepting the optional bounded minute probe is not proof
 of recovery. The watchdog never waits for a host. USB connection reports,
 especially HWCDC's host/reader flags, are SDK approximations and do not reliably
 identify an open TTY process.
+HWCDC therefore uses physical host presence with a 100 ms continuous-loss
+check rather than its unreliable open-reader heuristic. A brief status dip
+does not revoke a valid stats lease. A real USB bus reset invalidates the lease
+immediately; sustained host loss and actual TX stalls remain observable.
 
 Recovery waits for active Binary USB clients, mOTA/update owners, unsaved
 contacts, radio tests/calibration/temporary-radio operations, functional CLI
diff --git a/src/helpers/MorseCLI.h b/src/helpers/MorseCLI.h
index 9962eb5e8..3858a88e7 100644
--- a/src/helpers/MorseCLI.h
+++ b/src/helpers/MorseCLI.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ inline MorseAction parseMorseAction(const char* word, size_t length) {
 
 inline const char* morseUsageError() {
 #if MESH_ENABLE_MORSE_RX
-  return "Error: use morse send <text> | listen <minutes> | read [offset] | stats | clear | stop";
+  return "Error: use morse send <text> | listen <minutes> (RX >=15 WPM) | read [offset] | stats | clear | stop";
 #else
   return "Error: use morse send <text> | stop";
 #endif
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ inline bool handleMorseReplyCommand(MorseReplyHandoff& handoff, Radio* radio,
   if (!handoff.remoteCommand() || !listen) return false;
   float minutes = 0;
   if (!radio || !radio->supportsMorseRx() || !morseSettingsUsable()
+      || morseSettings().wpm < MorseRx::MinWpm
       || !cli::parseDecimalStrict(argument, minutes) || minutes <= 0 || minutes > 5) return false;
   const uint32_t duration = uint32_t(minutes * 60000.0f + 0.5f);
   if (duration < 1000 || duration > 300000) return false;
@@ -159,19 +160,29 @@ inline void formatMorseCapturePage(Radio* radio, const char* argument,
 #if defined(MESH_MORSE_HIL) && MESH_MORSE_HIL
 inline void formatMorseTracePage(Radio* radio, const char* argument,
                                 char* reply, size_t capacity) {
+#if defined(MESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_RSSI) && MESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_RSSI
+  if (radio->isMorseRxActive()) {
+    cli::formatError(reply, capacity, "stop Morse RX before reading raw RSSI");
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
   uint32_t offset = 0;
   if (*argument && !cli::parseUnsignedIntegerStrict(argument, offset)) {
     cli::formatError(reply, capacity, "use morse trace [retained entry offset]");
     return;
   }
   const size_t length = radio->morseTraceLength();
-  if (length > 512 || offset > length) {
+  if (length > MorseRssiTrace::Capacity || offset > length) {
     snprintf(reply, capacity, "Error: trace offset must be 0-%u", unsigned(length));
     return;
   }
   // `t` is the absolute total entry count; offset is relative to the retained
   // oldest sample. A changed t between pages identifies a moving HIL window.
+#if defined(MESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_RSSI) && MESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_RSSI
+  const int prefix = snprintf(reply, capacity, "> morse.hil.raw-rssi-v1 %05u/%05u t=%lu n=----- x=%u q=-0.5 ",
+#else
   const int prefix = snprintf(reply, capacity, "> %03u/%03u t=%lu n=--- x=%u ",
+#endif
       unsigned(offset), unsigned(length), (unsigned long)radio->morseTraceTotal(),
       unsigned(radio->morseTraceTruncated()));
   if (prefix < 0 || size_t(prefix) + 1 >= capacity) {
@@ -186,8 +197,13 @@ inline void formatMorseTracePage(Radio* radio, const char* argument,
       return;
     }
     char row[32];
+#if defined(MESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_RSSI) && MESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_RSSI
+    const int bytes = snprintf(row, sizeof(row), "%lu,%u;",
+        (unsigned long)entry.millis, unsigned(-2.0f * entry.rssi_dbm));
+#else
     const int bytes = snprintf(row, sizeof(row), "%lu,%d,%u;",
         (unsigned long)entry.millis, int(entry.rssi_dbm), unsigned(entry.flags));
+#endif
     if (bytes < 0 || size_t(bytes) >= sizeof(row) || used + size_t(bytes) >= capacity) break;
     memcpy(reply + used, row, bytes);
     used += bytes;
@@ -198,11 +214,19 @@ inline void formatMorseTracePage(Radio* radio, const char* argument,
     cli::formatError(reply, capacity, "reply buffer too small for trace entry");
     return;
   }
+#if defined(MESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_RSSI) && MESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_RSSI
+  char following[6];
+  if (next >= length) memcpy(following, "END  ", 6);
+  else snprintf(following, sizeof(following), "%05u", unsigned(next));
+  char* marker = strstr(reply, "n=-----");
+  if (marker) memcpy(marker + 2, following, 5);
+#else
   char following[4];
   if (next >= length) memcpy(following, "END", 4);
   else snprintf(following, sizeof(following), "%03u", unsigned(next));
   char* marker = strstr(reply, "n=---");
   if (marker) memcpy(marker + 2, following, 3);
+#endif
 }
 #endif
 #endif  // MESH_ENABLE_MORSE_RX
@@ -494,7 +518,7 @@ inline bool handleMorseCommand(Radio* radio, const char* command,
       case MorseRxResult::Overlap:
         cli::formatError(reply, capacity, "Morse frequency overlaps radio or radio2; change morse.freq"); break;
       case MorseRxResult::InvalidSpeed:
-        snprintf(reply, capacity, "Error: morse.wpm must be %u-%u", unsigned(MorseMinWpm), unsigned(MorseMaxWpm)); break;
+        snprintf(reply, capacity, "Error: Morse RX needs %u-%u WPM; set morse.wpm", unsigned(MorseRx::MinWpm), unsigned(MorseMaxWpm)); break;
       case MorseRxResult::InvalidDuration:
         cli::formatError(reply, capacity, "Morse listening must last 1-300 seconds"); break;
       default:
diff --git a/src/helpers/MorseRawRssiTrace.h b/src/helpers/MorseRawRssiTrace.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a37d29166
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/helpers/MorseRawRssiTrace.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#if !defined(MESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_RSSI) || MESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_RSSI != 1 \
+    || !defined(ESP32_PLATFORM) || !defined(MESH_MORSE_HIL) || !MESH_MORSE_HIL \
+    || !defined(MESH_MORSE_HIL_PRODUCTION_RF) || !MESH_MORSE_HIL_PRODUCTION_RF
+#error "Raw Morse RSSI requires ESP32 production-equivalent HIL diagnostics"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_WINDOW_MS
+#define MESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_WINDOW_MS 60000
+#endif
+
+namespace mesh {
+
+struct MorseRawRssiTraceEntry {
+  uint32_t millis;
+  float rssi_dbm;
+  uint8_t flags;
+};
+
+// Explicit ESP32 diagnostic only. Retain every half-dBm measurement from RX
+// entry, including arming and candidates. Freeze the prefix on overflow; never
+// overwrite its initial detector history or stream while the radio samples.
+class MorseRawRssiTrace {
+public:
+  static constexpr uint32_t WindowMillis = MESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_WINDOW_MS;
+  static_assert(WindowMillis >= 30000 && WindowMillis <= 60000,
+                "Raw Morse trace window must be 30000..60000 milliseconds");
+  static constexpr size_t Capacity = WindowMillis / 2 + 1;
+  enum StopReason : uint8_t { None, Window, Full, Gap, Value };
+  void clear() { _length = _total = _last_elapsed = 0; _reason = None; }
+  size_t length() const { return _length; }
+  uint32_t total() const { return _total; }
+  bool truncated() const { return _reason != None; }
+  StopReason stopReason() const { return _reason; }
+  bool read(size_t offset, MorseRawRssiTraceEntry& out) const {
+    if (offset >= _length) return false;
+    const size_t anchor = offset / AnchorStride;
+    uint32_t elapsed = _anchors[anchor];
+    for (size_t index = anchor * AnchorStride + 1; index <= offset; ++index)
+      elapsed += delta(_entries[index]);
+    out = {elapsed, -0.5f * _entries[offset].raw_rssi, 0};
+    return true;
+  }
+  void sample(float rssi, uint32_t elapsed, uint8_t flags) {
+    (void)flags;
+    ++_total;
+    if (_reason != None) return;
+    if (elapsed > WindowMillis) { _reason = Window; return; }
+    if (_length == Capacity) { _reason = Full; return; }
+    const uint32_t dt = _length ? elapsed - _last_elapsed : 0;
+    if (dt > UINT16_MAX) { _reason = Gap; return; }
+    // SX126x GetRssiInst is exactly -0.5 * one unsigned byte. Reject an
+    // unrepresentable value instead of silently rounding a different backend.
+    if (!(rssi >= -127.5f && rssi <= 0.0f)) { _reason = Value; return; }
+    const float raw = -2.0f * rssi;
+    if (raw != static_cast<uint16_t>(raw)) { _reason = Value; return; }
+    if (_length % AnchorStride == 0) _anchors[_length / AnchorStride] = elapsed;
+    _entries[_length++] = {uint8_t(dt), uint8_t(dt >> 8), uint8_t(raw)};
+    _last_elapsed = elapsed;
+  }
+private:
+  static constexpr size_t AnchorStride = 256;
+  struct StoredEntry { uint8_t delta_low, delta_high, raw_rssi; };
+  static_assert(sizeof(StoredEntry) == 3, "Raw Morse entries must remain three bytes");
+  static uint16_t delta(const StoredEntry& entry) {
+    return uint16_t(entry.delta_low) | uint16_t(uint16_t(entry.delta_high) << 8);
+  }
+  StoredEntry _entries[Capacity];
+  uint32_t _anchors[(Capacity + AnchorStride - 1) / AnchorStride];
+  uint32_t _length = 0, _total = 0, _last_elapsed = 0;
+  StopReason _reason = None;
+};
+
+} // namespace mesh
diff --git a/src/helpers/MorseRx.h b/src/helpers/MorseRx.h
index 859646be3..f86e63b2a 100644
--- a/src/helpers/MorseRx.h
+++ b/src/helpers/MorseRx.h
@@ -21,6 +21,15 @@
 #error "HIL Morse fast OFF debounce flag must be 0 or 1"
 #endif
 
+#if defined(MESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_RSSI) && MESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_RSSI
+#if MESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_RSSI != 1 || !defined(ESP32_PLATFORM) \
+    || !defined(MESH_MORSE_HIL) || !MESH_MORSE_HIL \
+    || !defined(MESH_MORSE_HIL_PRODUCTION_RF) || !MESH_MORSE_HIL_PRODUCTION_RF
+#error "Raw Morse RSSI requires ESP32 production-equivalent HIL diagnostics"
+#endif
+#include "MorseRawRssiTrace.h"
+#endif
+
 namespace mesh {
 
 #if defined(MESH_MORSE_HIL) && MESH_MORSE_HIL
@@ -53,6 +62,10 @@ struct MorseRxDiagnostics {
 };
 
 #if defined(MESH_MORSE_HIL) && MESH_MORSE_HIL
+#if defined(MESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_RSSI) && MESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_RSSI
+using MorseRssiTraceEntry = MorseRawRssiTraceEntry;
+using MorseRssiTrace = MorseRawRssiTrace;
+#else
 struct MorseRssiTraceEntry {
   uint32_t millis;
   int8_t rssi_dbm;
@@ -124,6 +137,7 @@ private:
   bool _triggered = false, _dropped = false;
 };
 #endif
+#endif
 
 // RSSI envelope decoding, not an RF demodulator or an artificial narrow
 // filter. The real receiver supplies its instantaneous power measurements.
@@ -150,6 +164,7 @@ public:
                 "Production-equivalent HIL requires the shipping Morse receiver clock");
 #endif
   static constexpr uint32_t MinDurationMillis = 1000UL;
+  static constexpr uint8_t MinWpm = 15;
   static constexpr uint32_t MaxDurationMillis = 300000UL;
   static constexpr uint32_t NoiseLearningMillis = 500UL;
   static constexpr size_t CaptureCapacity = 4096;
@@ -160,7 +175,7 @@ public:
 #endif
 
   static MorseRxResult validate(uint8_t wpm, uint32_t duration_ms) {
-    if (!MorseTx::unitMillis(wpm)) return MorseRxResult::InvalidSpeed;
+    if (wpm < MinWpm || !MorseTx::unitMillis(wpm)) return MorseRxResult::InvalidSpeed;
     if (duration_ms < MinDurationMillis || duration_ms > MaxDurationMillis)
       return MorseRxResult::InvalidDuration;
     return MorseRxResult::Started;
@@ -256,6 +271,9 @@ public:
 
   void sample(float rssi_dbm, uint32_t now) {
     if (!service(now) || !(rssi_dbm >= -180.0f && rssi_dbm <= 20.0f)) return;
+#if defined(MESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_RSSI) && MESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_RSSI
+    if (_trace) _trace->sample(rssi_dbm, static_cast<uint32_t>(now - _started), 0);
+#endif
     _last_rssi = rssi_dbm;
     const uint32_t sample_gap = static_cast<uint32_t>(now - _last_sample_at);
     const float filter_gap = sample_gap > 10U ? 10U : sample_gap;
@@ -410,7 +428,8 @@ private:
 #endif
 
   void traceSample(float rssi, uint32_t now, bool raw_keyed) {
-#if defined(MESH_MORSE_HIL) && MESH_MORSE_HIL
+#if defined(MESH_MORSE_HIL) && MESH_MORSE_HIL \
+    && !(defined(MESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_RSSI) && MESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_RSSI)
     if (_trace) _trace->sample(rssi, static_cast<uint32_t>(now - _started),
         (raw_keyed ? 1 : 0) | (_keyed ? 2 : 0) | (_candidate_valid ? 4 : 0)
         | (learning(now) ? 8 : 0));
diff --git a/test/fixtures/morse_rx_decoder.cpp b/test/fixtures/morse_rx_decoder.cpp
index 201a7284b..a5d07ee9e 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/morse_rx_decoder.cpp
+++ b/test/fixtures/morse_rx_decoder.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ struct Receiver {
 };
 
 static void speed_and_gaps() {
-  for (uint8_t speed : {1, 5, 12, 25, 40, 60}) {
+  for (uint8_t speed : {15, 20, 25, 40, 60}) {
     Receiver rx(speed); rx.warmup();
     rx.pattern("..."); rx.letter_gap();
     rx.pattern("---"); rx.letter_gap();
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ static void stop_and_expiry() {
     assert(!rx.decoder.service(rx.now) && !rx.decoder.active());
     assert(rx.decoder.length() == 0); // timeout cannot guess an unfinished held carrier
   }
-  for (uint8_t speed : {uint8_t(0), uint8_t(mesh::MorseTx::MaxWpm + 1)}) {
+  for (uint8_t speed : {uint8_t(0), uint8_t(1), uint8_t(14), uint8_t(mesh::MorseTx::MaxWpm + 1)}) {
     MorseRx invalid;
     assert(invalid.start(speed, 1000, 0) == mesh::MorseRxResult::InvalidSpeed);
     assert(!invalid.active());
diff --git a/test/fixtures/morse_rx_floor_step.cpp b/test/fixtures/morse_rx_floor_step.cpp
index d1c63786a..d4ba748a1 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/morse_rx_floor_step.cpp
+++ b/test/fixtures/morse_rx_floor_step.cpp
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ int main() {
   receive("unchanged floor / fading",-127.5f,-34.5f,true);
   receive("floor step / fading",-104.0f,-34.5f,true);
 #ifdef MORSE_ESTIMATOR_EXTENDED
-  for (uint8_t speed : {1,25,60,120,240}) for (uint32_t cadence : {1,2}) {
+  for (uint8_t speed : {15,25,60,120,240}) for (uint32_t cadence : {1,2}) {
     receive("floor step / strong",-104.0f,-34.5f,false,speed,cadence);
     receive("floor step / moderate",-104.0f,-64.0f,false,speed,cadence);
     receive("floor step / weak6dB",-104.0f,-98.0f,false,speed,cadence);
diff --git a/test/fixtures/morse_rx_hil_human.cpp b/test/fixtures/morse_rx_hil_human.cpp
index f13188363..31e30030f 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/morse_rx_hil_human.cpp
+++ b/test/fixtures/morse_rx_hil_human.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ int main() {
   constexpr const char* message = "CQ DE TEST 73 SOS";
   // Rates above production's 60 WPM ceiling are explicit lab-only stress
   // vectors, including the fractional 5 ms phase quantization at 240 WPM.
-  for (uint8_t wpm : {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 60, 120, 200, 240}) {
+  for (uint8_t wpm : {15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 60, 120, 200, 240}) {
     for (uint32_t cadence : {1U, 2U}) {
       for (const auto& profile : profiles) {
         assert(mesh::setMorseHilTiming(profile.timing));
diff --git a/test/fixtures/morse_rx_human.cpp b/test/fixtures/morse_rx_human.cpp
index 6d4551f7a..c2ceaf098 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/morse_rx_human.cpp
+++ b/test/fixtures/morse_rx_human.cpp
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ int main() {
     {"farnsworth_2_0", Style::WideFarnsworth}
   };
   unsigned failures = 0;
-  for (uint8_t wpm : {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40}) {
+  for (uint8_t wpm : {15, 20, 25, 30, 40}) {
     for (uint32_t cadence : {1U, 2U}) {
       for (const auto& style : styles) {
         uint16_t learned = 0;
diff --git a/test/fixtures/morse_rx_mark_fade.cpp b/test/fixtures/morse_rx_mark_fade.cpp
index 0c0b658eb..446d8ca9f 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/morse_rx_mark_fade.cpp
+++ b/test/fixtures/morse_rx_mark_fade.cpp
@@ -43,9 +43,10 @@ static void trial(const char* label,float signal,float quiet,bool vary_mark,bool
   if(signal-quiet>=6.0f) {
     assert(correct && !stuck && !false_marks);
     // The first provisional mark in this deliberately ambiguous33dB-SNR
-    // envelope can include one discarded sub-dot edge at1/60WPM. Pin that
+    // envelope can include one discarded sub-dot edge at15/60WPM. Pin that
     // precise exception; no later mark or other waveform may silently cut.
-    if(cuts) assert(!strcmp(label,"stable33SNR/12dBfade") && cuts==1 && (wpm==1 || wpm==60));
+    if(cuts) assert(!strcmp(label,"stable33SNR/12dBfade") && cuts==1
+                   && ((wpm==15 && cadence==1) || wpm==60));
   }
 #endif
   std::printf("%s %uWPM/%lums: required=%u correct=%u cuts=%lu false_marks=%lu stuck=%u text=\"%s\"\n",
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ int main() {
     trial("weak6dB/floorstep",-94,-100,false,false,wpm);
   }
 #ifdef MORSE_HYBRID_MATRIX
-  for(uint8_t wpm:{1,25,60,120,240}) for(uint32_t cadence:{1,2}) {
+  for(uint8_t wpm:{15,25,60,120,240}) for(uint32_t cadence:{1,2}) {
     trial("strong12dB/noisyfloor",-23,-103,true,true,wpm,cadence);
     trial("strong12dB/floorstep30",-23,-97.5f,true,true,wpm,cadence);
     trial("weak6dB/step23.5",-98,-104,false,false,wpm,cadence);
diff --git a/test/fixtures/morse_rx_timing.cpp b/test/fixtures/morse_rx_timing.cpp
index 3e42cfd7d..0ad0e67d7 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/morse_rx_timing.cpp
+++ b/test/fixtures/morse_rx_timing.cpp
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ static void mark(MorseRx& rx, uint32_t duration) {
 }
 
 static void fractional_drift_and_integer_negative_control() {
-  for (uint8_t wpm : {1, 25, 60, 120, 200, 240}) {
+  for (uint8_t wpm : {15, 25, 60, 120, 200, 240}) {
     for (int difference : {-1, 1}) {
       for (bool dash : {false, true}) {
         MorseRx rx;
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ static void first_ambiguous_and_warmed_borderline_marks() {
 }
 
 static void unchanged_bounds_and_checked_duration_limits() {
-  for (uint8_t wpm : {1, 25, 60, 120, 200, 240}) {
+  for (uint8_t wpm : {15, 25, 60, 120, 200, 240}) {
     MorseRx rx;
     begin(rx, wpm);
     const uint16_t nominal = rx._nominal_unit;
diff --git a/test/test_morse_raw_rssi.py b/test/test_morse_raw_rssi.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..306d4d8f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_morse_raw_rssi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+"""Bounded production-RF ESP32 raw RSSI diagnostics, without hardware or PIO."""
+from pathlib import Path
+import unittest
+from test_morse_tx import compile_run, portable_radio_header
+from test_morse_hil_production import GOOD_FLAGS
+from test_radio_receive_contract import method
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+RAW_FLAGS = GOOD_FLAGS + ["-DESP32_PLATFORM", "-DMESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_RSSI=1"]
+
+
+class MorseRawRssiTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_every_sample_including_arming_candidates_rollover_half_db_and_frozen_overflow(self):
+        compile_run(self, r'''
+#include <helpers/MorseRx.h>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <memory>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <initializer_list>
+int main() {
+  using Trace = mesh::MorseRssiTrace;
+  static_assert(Trace::Capacity == 30001, "60s shipping-cadence prefix");
+  static_assert(sizeof(Trace) < 91000, "raw capture must remain admitted and bounded");
+  auto trace = std::unique_ptr<Trace>(new Trace);
+  mesh::MorseRx rx; rx.setTrace(trace.get());
+  const uint32_t start = 0xfffffff0U;
+  assert(rx.start(25, 300000, start) == mesh::MorseRxResult::Started);
+  for (uint32_t elapsed = 0; elapsed <= 60000; elapsed += 2) {
+    const float rssi = elapsed >= 600 && elapsed < 630 ? -60.5f : (elapsed % 4 ? -110.5f : -110.0f);
+    rx.sample(rssi, start + elapsed);
+    assert(trace->length() == elapsed / 2 + 1);
+  }
+  mesh::MorseRxDiagnostics stats; rx.diagnostics(stats);
+  assert(stats.samples == trace->total());
+  for (size_t index : {size_t(0),size_t(1),size_t(249),size_t(255),size_t(256),size_t(300),size_t(314),size_t(10000),size_t(30000)}) {
+    mesh::MorseRssiTraceEntry entry{}; assert(trace->read(index, entry));
+    const uint32_t elapsed = uint32_t(index * 2);
+    const float expected = elapsed >= 600 && elapsed < 630 ? -60.5f : (elapsed % 4 ? -110.5f : -110.0f);
+    assert(entry.millis == elapsed && entry.rssi_dbm == expected);
+  }
+  rx.sample(-100, start + 60002);
+  assert(trace->truncated() && trace->stopReason() == Trace::Window && trace->total() == 30002);
+  mesh::MorseRssiTraceEntry retained; assert(trace->read(0, retained) && retained.millis == 0 && retained.rssi_dbm == -110);
+  trace->clear(); assert(!trace->length() && !trace->total() && !trace->truncated());
+  trace->sample(-127.5f, 0, 0); trace->sample(0, 1, 0);
+  assert(trace->read(0, retained) && retained.rssi_dbm == -127.5f);
+  assert(trace->read(1, retained) && retained.rssi_dbm == 0);
+  trace->sample(-100.25f, 2, 0); assert(trace->stopReason() == Trace::Value && trace->length() == 2);
+  trace->clear(); trace->sample(-100, 10, 0); trace->sample(-100, 9, 0);
+  assert(trace->stopReason() == Trace::Gap && trace->length() == 1);
+  trace->clear();
+  for (size_t index = 0; index <= Trace::Capacity; ++index) trace->sample(-100, 0, 0);
+  assert(trace->stopReason() == Trace::Full && trace->length() == Trace::Capacity);
+  printf("raw trace bytes=%zu; all samples retained or explicitly truncated\n", sizeof(Trace));
+}
+''', flags=RAW_FLAGS)
+
+    def test_raw_pages_preserve_half_db_timestamps_five_digit_offsets_and_never_stream_during_rx(self):
+        first = (ROOT / "test/fixtures/morse_cli.cpp").read_text(encoding="ascii").split("int main() {", 1)[0]
+        code = first + r'''
+#include <memory>
+struct RawRadio : TestRadio {
+  std::unique_ptr<mesh::MorseRssiTrace> trace{new mesh::MorseRssiTrace};
+  size_t morseTraceLength() const override { return trace->length(); }
+  uint32_t morseTraceTotal() const override { return trace->total(); }
+  bool morseTraceTruncated() const override { return trace->truncated(); }
+  bool readMorseTrace(size_t offset, mesh::MorseRssiTraceEntry& out) const override { return trace->read(offset,out); }
+};
+int main() {
+  RawRadio radio; char reply[158];
+  for (uint32_t index = 0; index < 15001; ++index) radio.trace->sample(-100.5f,index*2,0);
+  radio.rx_active = true;
+  mesh::formatMorseTracePage(&radio,"0",reply,157);
+  assert(strstr(reply,"stop Morse RX"));
+  radio.rx_active = false; memset(reply,'~',sizeof(reply));
+  mesh::formatMorseTracePage(&radio,"10000",reply,157);
+  assert(reply[157] == '~' && strlen(reply) < 157);
+  assert(strstr(reply,"> morse.hil.raw-rssi-v1 10000/15001"));
+  assert(strstr(reply,"q=-0.5 20000,201;20002,201;"));
+  assert(!strstr(reply,"n=-----"));
+  mesh::formatMorseTracePage(&radio,"15000",reply,157);
+  assert(strstr(reply,"n=END  ") && strstr(reply,"30000,201;"));
+  mesh::formatMorseTracePage(&radio,"15002",reply,157); assert(strstr(reply,"Error:"));
+}
+'''
+        fs = (ROOT / "test/fixtures/radio_profiles/mocks/helpers/IdentityStore.h").read_text(encoding="ascii")
+        compile_run(self, code, flags=RAW_FLAGS + ["-Wno-unused-parameter"], headers={
+            "Dispatcher.h": portable_radio_header(), "helpers/IdentityStore.h": fs})
+
+    def test_raw_mode_requires_esp32_hil_and_all_shipping_rf_assertions(self):
+        fixture = "#include <helpers/MorseRx.h>\nint main() {}\n"
+        for missing in ("-DESP32_PLATFORM", "-DMESH_MORSE_HIL_PRODUCTION_RF=1", "-DMESH_MORSE_HIL=1"):
+            flags = [flag for flag in RAW_FLAGS if flag != missing]
+            with self.subTest(missing=missing), self.assertRaisesRegex(AssertionError, "Raw Morse RSSI requires|Production-equivalent HIL requires"):
+                compile_run(self, fixture, flags=flags)
+        for flag in ("-DMESH_MORSE_HIL_SAMPLE_INTERVAL_MS=1", "-DMESH_MORSE_HIL_PA_RAMP_US=800"):
+            name = flag.split("=",1)[0] + "="
+            flags = [item for item in RAW_FLAGS if not item.startswith(name)] + [flag]
+            with self.subTest(changed_rf=flag), self.assertRaisesRegex(AssertionError, "Production-equivalent HIL requires"):
+                compile_run(self, fixture, flags=flags)
+        for window in (29999,60001):
+            with self.subTest(window=window), self.assertRaisesRegex(AssertionError,"Raw Morse trace window must be"):
+                compile_run(self, fixture, flags=RAW_FLAGS+[f"-DMESH_MORSE_HIL_RAW_WINDOW_MS={window}"])
+
+    def test_shipping_and_default_hil_keep_their_existing_trace_layouts(self):
+        compile_run(self, "#include <helpers/MorseRx.h>\nint main(){static_assert(sizeof(mesh::MorseRx)==4172,\"shipping layout unchanged\");}\n")
+        compile_run(self, "#include <helpers/MorseRx.h>\nint main(){static_assert(sizeof(mesh::MorseRssiTrace)<2100,\"default HIL stays sparse\");}\n", flags=("-DMESH_MORSE_HIL=1",))
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(AssertionError,"MorseRawRssiTrace"):
+            compile_run(self,"#include <helpers/MorseRx.h>\nint main(){mesh::MorseRawRssiTrace trace;}\n")
+
+    def test_actual_lazy_admission_accounts_for_whole_raw_buffer_and_contiguous_allocation(self):
+        source = (ROOT / "src/helpers/radiolib/RadioLibWrappers.cpp").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        code = r'''
+#include <helpers/MorseRx.h>
+#include <cassert>
+static size_t available = 0, largest = 0;
+struct { size_t getFreeHeap() const { return available; } } ESP;
+constexpr int MALLOC_CAP_8BIT = 1;
+size_t heap_caps_get_largest_free_block(int) { return largest; }
+struct RadioLibWrapper {
+  mesh::MorseRx* _morse_rx = nullptr;
+  mesh::MorseRssiTrace* _morse_trace = nullptr;
+  bool canAllocateMorseReceiver() const;
+};
+''' + method(source,"bool RadioLibWrapper::canAllocateMorseReceiver(") + r'''
+int main() {
+  RadioLibWrapper radio;
+  const size_t raw = sizeof(mesh::MorseRssiTrace);
+  const size_t required = sizeof(mesh::MorseRx) + raw + 4096;
+  assert(raw > 90000);
+  available = required - 1; largest = raw; assert(!radio.canAllocateMorseReceiver());
+  available = required; largest = raw - 1; assert(!radio.canAllocateMorseReceiver());
+  largest = raw; assert(radio.canAllocateMorseReceiver());
+  radio._morse_rx = reinterpret_cast<mesh::MorseRx*>(1);
+  radio._morse_trace = reinterpret_cast<mesh::MorseRssiTrace*>(1);
+  available = 4095; largest = 0; assert(!radio.canAllocateMorseReceiver());
+  available = 4096; assert(radio.canAllocateMorseReceiver());
+}
+'''
+        compile_run(self, code, flags=RAW_FLAGS)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/test/test_morse_rx_human.py b/test/test_morse_rx_human.py
index 8dd6acf50..288d59dab 100644
--- a/test/test_morse_rx_human.py
+++ b/test/test_morse_rx_human.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class HumanMorseTimingTests(unittest.TestCase):
         output = compile_run(self, code, flags=("-DMESH_MORSE_HIL=1", "-DMESH_MORSE_MAX_WPM=240",
                                                "-DMESH_MORSE_HIL_FAST_OFF_DEBOUNCE=1"))
         rows = [line.split("\t") for line in output.splitlines()]
-        self.assertEqual(len(rows), 176)
+        self.assertEqual(len(rows), 144)
         unsupported = 0
         for row in rows:
             with self.subTest(wpm=row[0], sample_ms=row[1], timing=row[2]):
@@ -50,12 +50,12 @@ class HumanMorseTimingTests(unittest.TestCase):
         code = (ROOT / "test/fixtures/morse_rx_human.cpp").read_text(encoding="ascii")
         output = compile_run(self, code)
         rows = [line.split("\t") for line in output.splitlines()]
-        self.assertEqual(len(rows), 98)
+        self.assertEqual(len(rows), 70)
         return rows
 
     def test_actual_decoder_supported_human_timing_is_exact_without_normalization(self):
         rows = [row for row in self.actual_rows() if row[2] != "farnsworth_2_0"]
-        self.assertEqual(len(rows), 84)
+        self.assertEqual(len(rows), 60)
         failures = [row for row in rows if row[4] != "PASS" or row[5] != "CQ DE TEST 73 SOS "]
         self.assertEqual(failures, [], "Strict human timing matrix failures:\n" +
                          "\n".join("\t".join(row) for row in failures))
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class HumanMorseTimingTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # a stretched letter gap or a short word gap. Characterize that known
         # ambiguity honestly; never count its spaced output as an exact decode.
         rows = [row for row in self.actual_rows() if row[2] == "farnsworth_2_0"]
-        self.assertEqual(len(rows), 14)
+        self.assertEqual(len(rows), 10)
         for row in rows:
             with self.subTest(wpm=row[0], sample_ms=row[1]):
                 self.assertEqual(row[4], "FAIL")
diff --git a/test/test_morse_rx_min_speed.py b/test/test_morse_rx_min_speed.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a417bbf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_morse_rx_min_speed.py
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+"""Enforce the requested 15 WPM RX floor while retaining slower transmit."""
+from pathlib import Path
+import unittest
+from test_morse_tx import compile_run, portable_radio_header
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+
+
+class MorseRxMinimumSpeedTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_rx_floor_rejects_every_slow_speed_without_changing_tx_or_settings(self):
+        first = (ROOT / "test/fixtures/morse_cli.cpp").read_text(encoding="ascii").split("int main() {", 1)[0]
+        code = first + r'''
+int main() {
+  static_assert(mesh::MorseRx::MinWpm == 15, "receive floor must remain explicit");
+  TestRadio radio; radio.rx_supported = true;
+  char reply[160];
+  for (uint8_t speed = 0; speed < 15; ++speed) {
+    mesh::MorseRx receiver;
+    assert(receiver.start(speed, 1000, 0) == mesh::MorseRxResult::InvalidSpeed);
+    assert(!receiver.active());
+    if (!speed) continue;
+    mesh::MorseTx transmitter;
+    assert(transmitter.start("E", speed, 0) == mesh::MorseTxResult::Started);
+    const auto setting = std::string("set morse.wpm ") + std::to_string(speed);
+    assert(mesh::handleMorseCommand(&radio, setting.c_str(), reply, sizeof(reply)));
+    assert(mesh::morseSettings().wpm == speed);
+    radio.capture = "RETAIN";
+    assert(mesh::handleMorseCommand(&radio, "morse listen 1", reply, sizeof(reply)));
+    assert(std::string(reply) == "Error: Morse RX needs 15-60 WPM; set morse.wpm");
+    assert(!radio.rx_active && radio.capture == "RETAIN" && mesh::morseSettings().wpm == speed);
+    mesh::MorseReplyHandoff handoff; uint8_t actor[32] = {1}; handoff.beginCommand(actor);
+    assert(!mesh::handleMorseReplyCommand(handoff, &radio, "morse listen 1", reply, sizeof(reply), 0));
+    assert(!handoff.pending() && !radio.rx_active);
+  }
+  assert(mesh::MorseRx::validate(15, 1000) == mesh::MorseRxResult::Started);
+  assert(mesh::handleMorseCommand(&radio, "set morse.wpm 15", reply, sizeof(reply)));
+  assert(mesh::handleMorseCommand(&radio, "morse listen 1", reply, sizeof(reply)));
+  assert(radio.rx_active && radio.speed == 15);
+  assert(strstr(mesh::morseUsageError(), "RX >=15 WPM"));
+}
+'''
+        fs = (ROOT / "test/fixtures/radio_profiles/mocks/helpers/IdentityStore.h").read_text(encoding="ascii")
+        compile_run(self, code, flags=("-Wno-unused-parameter",), headers={
+            "Dispatcher.h": portable_radio_header(), "helpers/IdentityStore.h": fs})
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()